Jan. 27. 1951: First U.S. nuclear weapons test conducted at what would become the Nevada Test Site. 1967: Three astronauts die in a launch-pad fire at Cape Canaveral, Florida. 1967: Outer Space Treaty signed by U.S., USSR, and Britain.

Jan. 28. 1995: Over 100 Soldiers' Mothers Committee members go to Russian army training camp to reclaim their sons from the army.

Jan. 29. 1863: Col. P.E. Connor surprises Bannock and Shoshone Indians in camp on Bear River, Utah; 400 were massacred in four hours. 1936: Sit-down strike helps establish United Rubber Workers as a national union, Akron, Ohio.

Jan. 30. 1948: Mohandas Gandhi assassinated, New Delhi, India. 1970: For the second time in six months, rioting erupts during an anti-war protest in East Los Angeles.

Jan. 31. 1855: Mahah and Quileut reservations created by Neah Bay Treaty. 1915: Thomas Merton, radical pacifist U.S. priest, born. 1995: World Trade Organization opens for business in Geneva, Switzerland.

Feb. 1. 1876: Sec. Of Interior notifies Sec. Of War that time given to "hostile" Sioux and Cheyenne Indian families to abandon their villages and come into U.S. agencies had expired; it was now a military matter. 1977: U.S. Federal Power Commission Report recommends approval of proposed Mackenzie Valley Pipeline in British Columbia, suggesting that legal land claims of sovereign First Nation peoples were not a major concern. 1988: Two Native American activists, Eddie Hatcher and Tim Jacobs, occupy a newspaper office in Lumberton, NC, to highlight racism issues.

Feb. 2. 1779: Anthony Benezet refuses to pay Revolutionary War taxes. 1932: First world disarmament convention opens, Geneva, Switzerland. 1962: Univ. of Washington bans campus speech by Gus Hall, head of Communist Party, USA.