July 1, 1492: King of Spain, culminating the Spanish Inquisition, gives all Jews in Spain 30 days to leave the country. Some of the confiscated Jewish assets were then used to finance the voyage of Columbus. 1962: Algeria wins independence from France. 1963: Dr. Samuel B. McKinney leads 400 civil rights marchers from the Central District to downtown Seattle. 35 break off and occupy the mayor's office for 24 hours before being arrested in Seattle's first major civil rights protest. 1970: Women Against Daddy Warbucks destroy 1-A files in eight New York City draft boards.

July 2, 1777: Vermont becomes first union state to abolish slavery. 1970: Exposure of "tiger cages" at Con Son Prison, used by U.S.-backed South Vietnamese government to torture political prisoners. 1986: The U.S. Supreme Court upholds affirmative action as a corrective measure for past discrimination.July 3. 1607: Indians bring maize, beans, squash, fresh and smoked meat to Jamestown colony. As at Plymouth years later, the colonists and their diseases would eventually exterminate them. 1835: Children strike at Paterson, New Jersey for eleven-hour day and six-day week. With the help of adults, they win a compromise settlement of a 69 hour work week. 1982: One day after his conviction for the shooting of a policeman, black journalist and activist Mumia Abu-Jamal is sentenced to death, on the basis of his teenage membership in the Black Panther Party, by a Philadelphia jury anxious to go home for the holiday weekend.

July 4, 1627: Virginia colony orders "scorched earth" policy against Tanx Phwhatan, Weanocs, Appomattocx, Chicahominies, Warrisquojacke, Nansemonds and Chesapeakes tribes. 1776: Spurred by unfair taxation issues, the U.S. Declaration of Independence from England begins first successful anti- imperialist revolution in world history. Within 30 years, the U.S. would begin its 200-year legacy of opposing similar revolutions in other countries. 1967: British House of Lords votes to decriminalize homosexual acts between consulting adults. Such acts are, today, still illegal in a majority of U.S. states.

July 5, 1861: Constitutional guarantees of Habeas Corpus suspended by Abraham Lincoln; in the following four years, some 18,000 "subversives" and peace activists were jailed without cause or charges in U.S. 1948: War-ravaged Britain adopts National Health Service Act, which includes medical, unemployment, motherhood, widow, orphan, old age, and death benefits. 1961: Seattle City Council and state legislature announce probes of incidents of local police brutality.July 6. 1892: Strikers battle Pinkerton agents during Carnegie Steel strike in Homestead, Penn. 1976: 96 arrested for trespassing at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant near Rainier, Oregon.

July 7. 1977: U.S. conducts first test of neutron bomb. 1979: 2,000 Indian activists and anti-nuclear demonstrators march through the Black Hills (South Dakota) to protest the development of uranium mines in sacred lands.