July 22. 1756: Friendly Association for Peace founded, Philadelphia. 1863: Kit Carson begins his campaign of extermination against the Navajo. 1978: Three killed during prisoner rebellion at Pontiac state prison, Illinois.

July 23. 1917: Birth of feminist, lesbian, pacifist and civil rights activist Barbara Deming. 1944: International Monetary Fund and World Bank are established as part of the Bretton Woods monetary agreements. Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. 1967: Start of seven days of rioting in Detroit, ultimately resulting in 40 dead, 2,000 wounded and 5,000 made homeless. 1968: Police kill seven in standoff with black nationalists in Cleveland, triggering a day of riots and four more deaths.

July 24. 1983: Women tag U.S. warplane with graffiti at Greenham Common, England. 1988: 10,000 form a human chain for a cleaner North Sea, West Germany.

July 25. 1898: United States invades and colonizes Puerto Rico, overthrowing the autonomous government and recolonizing the island as one of the spoils of the Spanish-American War. 1963: Police arrest 23 young blacks in a sit-in at Seattle City Council chambers protesting appointment of only two blacks to the city's new Human Rights Commission.

July 26. 1833: Slavery abolished in all British dominions. 1947: National Security Act passed, establishing the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and numerous other secret "black budget" agencies outside public review. 1953: Young Cuban radical Fidel Castro leads an unsuccessful guerrilla raid on Moncado Barracks. 1965: Martin Luther King, Jr., leads protests against housing segregation, Chicago. 1968: Beginning of several days of student riots in Mexico City; police arrest over a thousand and kill dozens. 1990: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) becomes law.

July 27. 1932: Two killed when U.S. Army attacks an encampment of 20,000 World War I veterans, gathered in Washington D.C. to demand bonus benefits. 1953: Korean War ends with armistice, Panmunjon. 1954: In Guatemala, democratically elected goverment of Jacabo Arbenz overthrown by CIA-paid mercenaries. 1974: House Judiciary Committee votes impeachment of Pres. Richard Nixon. 1979: U.S. Supreme Court upholds Boldt Decision, affirming treaty rights of Washington tribes to half the salmon catch. 1995: President Clinton signs into law the salvage logging rider, which mandates clearcutting of federal forests regardless of environmental laws. He later claims he "didn't know what he was doing," but takes no action to slow the resulting devastation (and profits).

July 28. 1591: Anne Hutchinson banished from Boston because of her independent religious views. 1868: The 14th Amendment, giving equal rights to all non-Indian men, becomes part of the U.S. Constitution. 1869: Women shoemakers in Lynn, Mass. demand equal pay. 1915: Haitians revolt and U.S. Marines invade and take control of government. Mass repression follows.