Aug. 3. 1913: Four die in the so-called "Wheatland riots" when police fire into a crowd of California farmworkers trying to organize for better working conditions. Two labor leaders, one not even present on the day, are later convicted of murder for encouraging workers to organize.

Aug. 4. 1964: Bodies of civil rights volunteers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney found near Philadelphia, Mississippi. 1985: Peace Ribbon made by thousands of women wrapped around Pentagon.

Aug. 5. 1966: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., stoned as he leads a march through Chicago's South Side. With rocks, we mean.

Aug. 6. 1945: U.S. drops atomic bomb on civilian population of Hiroshima, Japan. 1997: Hundreds turn out at Seattle's Pier 90 to protest the first-ever arrival in Elliot Bay, for Seafair, of the Trident nuclear submarine U.S.S. Ohio (on Hiroshima Day).

Aug. 7. 1890: Birth of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, prominent labor organizer with the IWW (Industrial Workers of the World).

Aug. 8. 1947: Over objections of Tlingit Indians, the U.S. government agrees to timber sale from Tongass National Forest in southeast Alaska. The Tongass, once a pristine wilderness, is now one of the most denuded regions on the north Pacific coast. 1994: Cesar Chavez is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, becoming the first Mexican-American ever to receive the honor.

Aug. 9. 1945: U.S. drops atomic bomb on civilian population of Nagasaki, Japan. An estimated 70,000 die from the immediate effects of the bombing. 1966: 200 stage sit-in at New York City offices of Dow Chemical to protest use of napalm in Vietnam.

Aug. 10. 1984: Two Plowshares activists, Barb Katt and John LaForge, damage a Trident submarine guidence system with hammers at a Sperry plant in Minnesota. In sentencing them later to six months' probation, the judge commented: "Why do we condemn and hang individual killers, while extolling the virtues of warmongers?"

Aug. 11. 1828: First labor party in U.S. formed in Philadelphia. 1978: American Indian Religious Freedom Act passed. Significant portions of the bill have since been eroded by conservative court rulings.

Aug. 12. 1972: Colombian Bari Indian leader Maurico Cobaira Bobrichora is killed by white settlers on the Venezuelan border. 1982: Twelve arrested in sea blockade of first Trident submarine at Hood Canal, Washington.

Aug. 13. 1521: Cuauhtemoc, last monarch of the Aztec, "fights rooftop to rooftop" before surrendering his starved and besieged city of Tenochtitlan; Cortes received him with honors, then later had him hanged.

Aug. 14. 1935: Pres. Roosevelt signs Social Security Act.

Aug. 15. 1947: After two decades of nonviolent activism, India becomes the first major Third World country in the 20th century to win independence from colonial rule. Dozens more countries would follow in the next twenty years.

Aug. 16. 1914: 3,000 anti-war socialists demonstrate against WWI in Buffalo, N.Y. 1967: Broadcasting from Cuba, Stokely Carmichael tells black Americans to prepare for "total revolution."