Jan. 3. 1781: Inca Rebellion. Inca beseige Cuzco (Peru) in attempt to dislodge Spanish. 1964: 500,000 New York pupils stay at home in protest against racial segregation.

Jan. 4. 1997: 80,000 rally in Ogoni portions of Nigeria against military dictatorship and Shell Oil's plans to destroy Ogoni land. Nigerian Army opens fire on peaceful demonstration, wounding four.

Jan. 5. 1869: First black labor convention in US. 1991: 19 arrested in "Homes Not War" protest, Tucson, Arizona.

Jan. 6. 1864: US Army captures 11,000 Navajos, later force-marching them 400 miles to Fort Sumner, New Mexico, killing thousands. Thousands more die of starvation after the army burns all Navajo crops and orchards.

Jan. 7. 1920: Five socialists expelled from New York Assembly. 1971: Federal courts enjoin most uses of the pesticide DDT, nine years after the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring.

Jan. 8. 1864: Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, first AFL woman organizer, born. 1991: 200 Teamsters leaders hold "Labor for Peace" meeting to oppose Gulf War, New York City.

Jan. 9. 1789: Treaty with the Wyandot, Delaware, Ottowa, Potawatomi, and Sauk is the first in the new US to recognize Native Americans as independent "nations." 1964: US troops kill 21 protesters in Panama Canal Zone.

Jan. 10. 1961: First black students enroll at Univ. of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, leading to riots the following day. 1996: 3,000 demonstrate and 12 arrested in protest of Newt Gingrich fundraising visit, Westin Hotel, Seattle, organized in part by ETS!'s Geov Parrish. It is the first nationally significant anti-Newt demo, and the beginning of his end.

Jan. 11. 1952: Peace Pledge Union organizes "Operation Gandhi," first British protest against nuclear weapons, London.

Jan. 12. 1641: James City, Virginia, passes law that if any Indian commits a crime, the first Indian apprehended must pay penalty, with life if necessary. 1876: Jack London, novelist and socialist, born. 1928: Police seize 800 copies of the lesbian novel The Well of Loneliness.

Jan. 13. 1993: Vigil against arrival of ship bringing plutonium for nuclear reactor, Tokai, Japan. 1995: Eight opposition groups sign plan for ending civil war in Algeria.

Jan. 14. 1991: An estimated 30,000 to 60,000 people rally at Seattle Central Community College in vigil and opposition to pending US invasion of Kuwait and Iraq. Protesters occupy Seattle's Federal Building; ETS!'s Geov Parrish helps lead Univ. of Washington protesters as they block I-5 and march downtown to join the Federal Building demonstration. Evergreen State College students lead a demonstration that occupies the Washington state capitol building overnight.

Jan. 15. 1811: Secret act authorizes Pres. James Madison to annex East Florida without consent of inhabitants. 1943: The Pentagon, originally planned as a research hospital and then built as a military facility in 11 months during World War II, is completed in Arlington, Vir.

Jan. 16. 1970: Black revolutionary George Jackson is accused of killing a guard in Soledad (Calif.) state prison.