Facing Fair Trade Coffee
by Troy Skeels
Coffee doesn't just come in bags, or steaming in paper cups. People tend
and pick and dry and sort the stuff before it ever gets anywhere near the
roasting plant, much less our lips.
Javier Eleuterio Cabadilla, of the Tehuantepec Isthmus region of Oaxaca
State, in southern Mexico, is a representative of one of the communities
that labor to fill our moments of harried leisure. Director of Marketing of
the Union de Comunidades Indigenous de la Region del Isthmo, he was in
Seattle in April to help promote Transfair's Fair Trade Coffee campaign.
The UCIRI coffee cooperative is a community effort. A type of organization
called an Indigenous Union, it is democratically run, wholly by members of
the community, and profits are distributed back into the community. This
money pays for a farm supply center, healthcare services, cooperative corn
mills, an agricultural extension and training program, housing
improvements, and the region's only secondary school. The cooperative
operates its coffee farms with a focus on sustainability of the local
ecosystem. In short, the people of the UCIRI are taking control of their
own situation.
The UCIRI, like similar cooperatives, is far different from the large
majority the world's coffee producing communities. The second most valuable
traded commodity, after oil, industrial coffee thrives on economic and
environmental exploitation. Workers on corporate plantations are
systematically cheated by their employers, and the local coffee buyers,
often the neighborhood political boss with his army of paid thugs, cheat
the independent farmers out of their fair price.
A single latte or espresso costs more in Seattle than a typical coffee
worker makes in a whole day. Currently, wholesale prices are depressed in
the face of a huge world supply of mass produced beans. Farmers are getting
less and consumers are paying more.
UCIRI has become a Transfair member to help promote its fair trade coffee.
And marketing, outside of the post colonial networks, is perhaps the
largest challenge to autonomous coffee producers.
Transfair is a non-profit monitoring organization which certifies that
participating traders are following fair trade guidelines. Coffee roasters
and retailers that comply with these guidelines are allowed to use the
TransFair seal on their products. Transfair helps growers committed to fair
labor practices and environmental sustainability like UCIRI find buyers
committed to paying a fair price for their coffee.
The cooperative started in 1982 with assistance from Catholic missionary
organizations. For the first three years, they sent their coffee to Mexico
City for export, waiting months to get paid. They got their own export
license in 1983, but didn't have the equipment they needed until 1985. They
began exporting to Europe, and are trying to break into the US market.
The UCIRI currently has over 2,500 members, and produces 101 metric tons of
shade grown, 100% organic coffee every year. That cleans up into about 79
metric tons of export grade coffee beans.
When the cooperative started, there was a lot of resistance from the local
power structure. The people controlling the local coffee industry attempted
to undermine the community's self organizing efforts through intimidation
and violence.
After the Zapatista uprising in nearby Chiapas, the government accused the
cooperative of aiding the EZLN. The local school was turned into an army
barracks, and there was a period of intense conflict resulting in the
deaths of several campesinos.
The government looks upon the self organizing, indigenous unions as
impediments to "development." The corporate friendly Fox administration's
proposed tax structure includes provisions to increase the taxes paid by
social organizations, like indigenous unions, in part to make up for tax
incentives to the already rich.
The governor of Oaxaca Jose Murat, a rising star in the reformist wing of
the PRI, has made gestures toward indigenous rights and autonomy. His state
government, meanwhile, remains largely hostile to the grass roots social
organizations. The government promotes its own rival groups to split the
movement. The paperwork is always made as difficult as possible. Federal
resources sent to the states, earmarked for the communities, don't always
get where they are supposed to go.
The UCIRI is just one of many such community organizations in the global
south that are engineering their own social and economic well-being outside
of the corporate conveyor belts.
Transfair exists to make it easier for them to connect with us, providing
us coffee we know is helping to sustain, not drain, the world.
Transfair isn't the only way to buy fair trade coffee, there are several
companies that operate with fair trade principles. It's available nearly
everywhere coffee beans are sold in the Seattle. But the Transfair label is
designed to assure an honest standard.
It takes a little effort to find real fair trade coffee, or ask for it,
amid the avalanche of offerings, but it's only a little effort. It's about
taking control of our connections, our efforts and our purchases,
minimizing or eliminating corporate greed and its local enforcers in the
process.
And it's about mutual support with people we will never see, but whose
handiwork feeds and clothes us. When we can see the human face behind our
coffee, our coffee is no longer separate from our politics.
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