June 20. 1892: American Railway Union (ARU) organized.

June 21. 1877: On "Pennsylvania's Day With the Rope," 11 "Molly Maguire" coal miners are hanged by the state for the crime of attempting to organize workers. 1997: 100,000 march in solidarity with striking newspaper workers in Detroit.

June 22. 1987: 10,000 protesters form 10 mile long human chain around US airbase, Okinawa, Japan.

June 23. 1970: On the eleventh day of protests against a new US-Japan defense treaty, more than 750,000 Japanese take to the streets in numerous cities.

June 24. 1978: 14,000 gather to protest proposed nuclear power plant at Seabrook, NH.

June 25. 1825: Capture of Bob Forbes, leader of Maroons (blacks resisting slavery) in Virginia.

June 26. 1952: Nonviolent campaign against apartheid begins, South Africa.

June 27. 1905: Industrial Workers of the World, radical union, founded in Chicago. 1986: World Court rules US support for Nicaraguan "contras" violates international law.

June 28. 1969: Stonewall Rebellion in New York City--a riot of drag queens enraged by yet another evening of casual police brutality--marks birth of modern gay rights movement in US.

June 29. 1972: US Supreme Court declares all current state death penalty laws unconstitutional. A later ruling allows states to rewrite laws to re-institute capital punishment in 1976.

June 30. 1969: Seattle City Council approves a plan to purchase Kiker Island, off Deception Pass (Whidbey Island), as a site for a future nuclear power plant.

July 1. 1492: King of Spain, culminating the Spanish Inquisition, gives all Jews in Spain 30 days to leave the country. Some of the confiscated Jewish assets were then used to finance the voyage of Columbus.

July 2. 1970: Exposure of "tiger cages" at Con Son Prison, used by US-backed South Vietnamese government to torture political prisoners.

July 3. 1835: Children strike at Paterson, NJ for 11 hour day and 6 day week. With the help of adults, they win a compromise settlement of a 69 hour work week.

July 4. 1966: First federal Freedom of Information Act signed into law in U.S.

July 5. 1861: Constitutional guarantees of Habeas Corpus suspended by Abraham Lincoln; in the following four years, some 18,000 "subversives" and peace activists were jailed without cause or charges in U.S.

July 6. 1976: 96 arrested for trespassing at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant near Rainier, Oregon.

July 7. 1883: Chief Moses of the Sinkiuses (Chelan tribe) forced to move from their Columbia River reservation to the Colville reservation; the former is "restored to public domain."

July 8. 1520: Battle of Otompan (Otumba, Mexico); Spaniards slay 20,000 Aztecs. 1996: International Court Of Justice declares that in almost all circumstances use of nuclear weapons is illegal.

July 9. 1977: Death of Alice Paul, leading feminist and author of the Equal Rights Amendment. 1978: 100,000 march in Washington, D.C. for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment.

July 10. 1985: French secret police blow up Greenpeace "Rainbow Warrior" anti-nuclear vessel in Auckland Harbour, New Zealand, killing one activist, Fernando Pereira.