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War on Terror: The First Year
by Jake Sexton
This is not a 9/11 retrospective that reminds us about national heroes,
reflects on the psyche of the nation, or tells how celebrities are coping
with last year's tragedy. You can get all that and more if you turn your
television on any time this month (the channel won't matter).
There were two obvious outcomes of the attacks the subsequent war on
terror: thousands of people were killed in NYC, DC, and Pennsylvania; and
the US unseated the Taliban from Afghanistan. But many aspects of the
stimulus and the response have been forgotten in the shuffle. Here are a
few.
Environmental disaster in NYC. The transformation of two enormous
skyscrapers into a mountain of rubble and an immense cloud of dust
endangered the lives of many New Yorkers. Modern buildings are filled with
all sorts of materials that human beings should not inhale: asbestos,
mercury, lead, concrete dust, ground glass, and who knows what else. Even
today, New Yorkers are finding significant levels of asbestos, mercury and
lead floating about.
The EPA seemed reluctant to do anything about the toxic cloud, but under
public pressure, eventually agreed to clean up the residences in lower
Manhattan. What long-term effects the pollution might have on the health of
the people living in the area is unknown.
"Anti-Terrorism" Worldwide. After George W. Bush announced the
beginnings of a War on Terrorism, many other national governments realized
that they could also cry "terrorism" and use it as an excuse for violent
conflict with unruly portions of their population. We saw Israel crack down
on the Occupied Territories, Russia crack down on rebels in Chechnya, China
crack down on the Uighur rebels in Xinjiang, India cracked down on
militants in Kashmir, the Philippines cracked down on terrorist/thug group
Abu Sayyaf, and Colombia cracked down on its Marxist rebels. Most of these
rebel groups would claim that they are fighting for freedom against a
repressive government, while of course those governments claim that the
rebels are terrorists. Either way, the US is currently looking the other
way while these governments bring in the big guns. Had the American "war on
terrorism" not happened, it is unlikely that these nations would have used
this additional force in their battles.
Afghanistan: Aftermath. Afghanistan was a nation already
impoverished and torn to bits by both the Soviet invasion of the 1980s, the
civil war between the mujahadeen warlords in the early 1990s, and the
battles between the Taliban and the warlords in the later 1990s. While
Hamid Karzai was given the Afghan presidency, the position held little
power. The real power belonged to these warlords. The US has managed to
keep the warlords peaceful for the most part, but this peace seems to be
rapidly deteriorating as the warlords begin to again fight each other for
power. With last week's assassination attempt upon Karzai, perhaps this
peace is drawing to a close.
As though that wasn't bad enough, there are now reports that the Taliban
and Al Qaeda may be regrouping for an attempt to reclaim their territory
once the summer heat recedes. Also, under the warlords' rule, the heroin
trade has skyrocketed.
India-Pakistan. The US attack relied heavily upon Afghanistan's
neighbor to the south, Pakistan. This new close relationship terrified
Pakistan's biggest enemy, India, and increased tensions tremendously. When
Kashmiri militants attacked the Indian parliament, India and Pakistan
teetered on the brink of war--a conflict made more frightening by the fact
that both nations have nuclear weapons. Somehow, that barely-averted crisis
seems to have slipped from everyone's minds--so much so, that no one is
complaining that the United States is currently selling weapons to both
India and Pakistan.
Attack on immigrants' rights in US. Almost immediately after the
hijacked planes crashed, the FBI and INS began rounding up as many as 2,000
Arabs, South Asians, Muslims, and Sikhs and held them secretly for extended
periods of time, denying many of them contact with their families, or even
lawyers. Some were held on no charges. These detentions were illegal. None
of these detainees have been publicly alleged to have any connection to the
9/11 attacks, Al Qaeda, or any terrorist organizations. Most of them were
found guilty of some sorts of violations of immigration laws and were
deported. Scores remain imprisoned, many remaining in isolation.
Civil Liberty Erosion. Soon after the terrorist attacks, Congress
passed the USA PATROIT Act. Many members of Congress admitted that they
approved the bill without even reading the 342-page document first. The new
law, and subsequently adopted regulations based upon it, greatly expanded
the powers of law enforcement, in some ways to scary degrees. Law
enforcement's restrictions on surveillance and searches have been relaxed.
Public access to government information is being limited.
The Bush administration has also fabricated an entirely new legal term,
"enemy combatant." In the past, persons being held by law enforcement or
the government had to be classified as suspects, arrestees, or prisoners of
war. Each of these terms are attached to laws which determine how they are
to be treated, how long they shall be held, etc. Since "enemy combatant" is
not a legal term, there are no such laws about their rights and treatment.
The Bush administration argues that it can classify individuals, even
American citizens, as "enemy combatants," and hold them as long as they
like with no evidence and no charges, and with no access to courts,
lawyers, or any outside contact. Others being held as "material witnesses"
face similar conditions.
Revival of Bush's Political Career. Just prior to the terrorist
attacks, George W. Bush's popularity was down to 51%. Only days afterwards,
his approval rating jumped up to 90%, the highest numbers that Gallup polls
have ever recorded for a sitting president. Politically, the terrorist
attacks were a windfall to Bush, who then could get nearly anything he
proposed passed through the Congress.
Iraq Attack. Immediately after 9/11, the Bush administration tried
to link the terrorist attacks to Saddam Hussein. They failed. Now the White
House alleges that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction, is developing
further weapons, intends to make those weapons available to terrorists, and
that a "regime change" is necessary for the safety of the United States.
There is virtually no evidence to support these claims (that Iraq has these
weapons, or that Hussein must be removed). Nearly every day there is a new
story that makes it seem like the White House is backing away from war, and
another that makes it look like a US war with Iraq is inevitable.
Budget Deficit. Thanks to Bush's massive tax cut and the
skyrocketing of military expenditures, an estimated $170 billion surplus
will become by year's end a $165 billion deficit. Just in time for a
sagging economy. Yay!
General Destabilization of Central/Southern Asia. Afghanistan is
still in chaos since the fall of the Taliban. The Northern Alliance, long
an ally of the Russians, now rules northern Afghanistan. Pakistani
"president" Gen. Pervez Musharraf has strengthened his dictatorship, but
the Islamic militants in his country are angry that he aided the US against
the Taliban (in fact, Pakistan's version of the CIA was a staunch ally of
the Taliban since its inception). Iraq might be invaded by the US. Israel
and Palestine are still locked in guerrilla war. The US and Saudi Arabia
are falling out since neo-conservatives inside the US claimed that that
nation is a threat. And tensions between Pakistan and India over Kashmir
remain unresolved.
US Troops Abroad. The US not only has troops in Afghanistan, but
also in a number of other countries with regard to the "war on terrorism."
Thousands of US soldiers recently returned from the Philippines after
training Filipino soldiers. More than 100 US soldiers were training the
army in the former Soviet province of Georgia, which just announced for the
first time ever that it would join Soviet efforts to attack Chechen rebels.
Another few hundred are in Yemen, training Yemeni soldiers. The United
States armed forces are now active in over 60 countries around the world.
Anthrax. Anthrax-tainted mail infected more than 20 people and
killed five of them in the weeks following 9/11. While the anthrax spores
have been determined to be of military grade and to have a US source, the
investigation has lagged. The culprit(s) behind this crime have still not
been found.
Camp X-Ray. The United States is still holding hundreds of detainees
from the battles in Afghanistan in camps at Guantanamo Bay marine base in
Cuba. Are they members of Al Qaeda? Are they members of the Taliban? Are
they dangerous anti-American terrorists? Who knows? All we're told is that
they're "enemy combatants" (see above).
Where's Osama? What happened to Al Qaeda? Probably the most
important question to ask, what happened to al Qaeda and Osama bin Laden?
No one knows where bin Laden is, or whether or not he's alive or dead.
Therefore we can't really say whether or not the "war on terrorism" has
been a success or a failure, because we just don't know. And with the Bush
Administration's focus having shifted from "preventing terrorism" to
"eradicating evil" to, well, whatever it is now, it no longer seems to
matter whether the War On Terror is successful. It just is. And, should the
Bush Administration's vision take root, it will continue to be.
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