Investing In Our Democratic Infrastructure
by Steven Hill and Rob Richie
We may be the world's remaining superpower and high-tech leader, but we
still can't count the votes right. Florida recently received well-deserved
ridicule after yet another "gang that couldn't shoot straight" fiasco in
its primary.
Florida is far from alone. State after state has had problems with polls
not opening on time, machines breaking down, voter registration cards
getting lost, underpaid pollworkers not carrying out their duties. In
Michigan's hotly-contested gubernatorial primaries, more than one in ten
ballots were invalidated.
It has been nearly two years since Florida introduced new vocabulary words
like "chad" and "butterfly ballots," yet the federal bill that was
supposed to fix it -- or at least start us in the right direction -- is
stalled, with neither the President nor congressional leaders showing
leadership. And yet still we hypocritically lecture other nations about
democracy.
Our democracy has obvious great strengths, but when it comes to elections
we are surprisingly backward -- and cheap. Many other nations make a far
higher relative investment in their electoral infrastructure, and adopt
more advanced voting methods.
Brazil, for example, has a national computer-based system with safeguards
in place that essentially eliminate voter error. When a Brazilian voter
votes, a photo of their chosen candidate appears on the screen so the
voter can verify visually their choice, preventing the voter confusion
resulting from Florida's butterfly ballot. Most European nations have
modern voter registration systems that lead to near-universal registration
among adults, while nearly a third of American adults are unregistered.
In the United Kingdom, London elects its mayor using high-speed optical
scan voting machines that allow voters to rank both their first and runoff
choices. The ballots then can be counted to simulate an "instant runoff"
election to provide for a majority winner in one election. In stark
contrast, the great city of New York in 2001 spent an extra $10 million
and strained its ancient pull-lever voting equipment to carry out a
traditional "delayed," two-round mayoral runoff. These advances are not
rocket science, yet the United States lags woefully behind.
>From ballot access to campaign finance to voter registration to pollworker
training, our electoral practices are a hodgepodge of confused regulation
and ambiguous standards established by election officials in over 3000
counties without national oversight. Unlike that of our roads, airports or
military, our democracy's infrastructure has been grossly underfunded and
unregulated for years. Not surprisingly, we are paying the price. Think of
it as a massive bridge that is creaking and groaning at its hinges, for
lack of enough maintenance.
We need to invest in the infrastructure of our democracy. If we can't
count the votes, elections become less meaningful, both in perception and
in practice. And we need to be smart about our investments. For example,
if we followed the example of other nations, or the recommendation of last
year's Gerald Ford-Jimmy Carter reform commission, we would vote on a
weekend or a holiday. This would result not only in more convenience and
potentially higher voter turnout, but also in a far greater pool of
volunteer pollworkers to assist on Election Day.
We also must do our best to make voting meaningful. Our "winner-take-all"
system has reached a near breaking point. Incumbents often draw their own
district lines in redistricting, thereby guaranteeing themselves and their
political allies safe seats and making voters superfluous. The incentives
of our "winner-take-all" politics are producing campaigns that
increasingly are watered down by poll-tested blandness and sound bites.
Even governance is becoming hostage to the permanent winner-take-all
campaign, where party leaders have one eye on showing up their
competition. We need a thorough debate -- nationally and in states through
high-level commissions -- about alternative democratic practices,
including alternatives to winner-take-all elections such as proportional
voting methods for legislatures and instant runoff voting for executive
offices like mayor, governor and president.
Turning a blind eye to our antiquated and creaking democratic
infrastructure, from voting machines to voting methods, does a disservice
to the American electorate and to the future of American democracy.
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