June 18. 1981: Europarliament calls for abolition of death penalty throughout Europe.

June 19. 1902: Congress provides for allotments on Spokane reservation, freeing up "surplus" land for sale to white farmers. 1968: Brazil: Violent protests in Rio de Janeiro against alienating culture; confrontations with police result in 22 injuries.

June 20. 1782: The United States chooses the Eagle as its symbol. A pig was proposed and seriously considered. 1947: Taft-Hartley Labor Act, curbing strikes, is vetoed by President Truman. Congress overrode the veto.

June 21. 1960: Nobel laureate Linus Pauling defies Congress by refusing to name signers of petitions calling for total halt of nuclear weapons testing. Pauling later wins a second Nobel: a Peace Prize for his work championing nuclear disarmament. 1997: 100,000 march in solidarity with striking newspaper workers in Detroit.

June 22. 1922: Violence erupts during a coal-mine strike at Herrin, IL. Thirty-six killed, 21 of them non-union miners.

June 23. 1970: On the 11th day of protests against a new US-Japan defense treaty, more than 750,000 Japanese take to the streets in numerous cities. 1970: In US, 100 women invade conference on "Profit Possibilities in Childcare."

June 24. 1917: IWW Domestic Workers (Maids) Union reports they are supplying sandwiches to dozens of draft resisters in the Duluth, MN jail. 1994: After years of refusal, US finally ratifies International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

June 25. 1876: Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho defeat Gen. Custer's troops at Little Big Horn, Montana. 1978: In response to the passage of an anti-gay ordinance in Miami, 240,000 people march in San Francisco in the first large-scale version of that city's annual Gay Freedom Day Parade.

June 26. 1952: Nonviolent campaign against apartheid begins, South Africa. 1953: Albert Luthuli calls for bonfires and candles to symbolize sparks of freedom, South Africa.

June 27. 1918: Physician Marie Eui (anarchist, IWW officer, and "out" lesbian) arrested for anti-war speech, Portland, Ore. 1995: Two Operation Homestead activists are arrested in downtown Seattle for occupying the rooftop of a low-income housing building, the Payne Apartments, slated for demolition to make way for a parking lot. They are later acquitted of charges.

June 28. 1905: Odessa taken by revolutionaries. Workers' Councils formed. Russian sailors mutiny aboard the battleship "Potemkin."

June 29. 1917: W.E.B. DuBois leads silent march by blacks against lynching, New York City. 1967: Israel removes barricades, re-unifying Jerusalem.

June 30. 1864: Secretary of the Treasury Chase resigns, charging speculators were plotting to prolong the Civil War for monetary gain. 1952: Congress passes McCarran-Walter Immigration Act, to screen out "subversive" aliens and deport them, even if they have become US citizens. Follows up on the McCarran Act (Internal Security Act of 1950)--one of the more bucolic provisions being its authorization of concentration camps "for emergency situations."

July 1. 1932: Leavitt Act is passed, authorizing cancellation of all debts for seized Indian lands. 1966: Medicare, a government program to pay part of the medical expenses of US citizens over the age of 65, begins.