July 6. 1535: Sir Thomas More (author of Utopia) is beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as the supreme authority of the Church. 1976: Ninety-six arrested for trespassing at Trojan Nuclear Power Plant near Rainier, Oregon.

July 7. 1981: Sandra Day O'Connor confirmed as first woman U.S. Supreme Court justice.

July 8. 1980: Congress enacts the Hopi-Navajo [forced] Relocation Act to "solve" the problem of impeded access to coal deposits at Big Mountain, Arizona. Dine (Navajo) families at Big Mountain have continued their resistance to this day.

July 9. 1917: Federal troops raid IWW hall in Yakima, Wash.

July 10. 1985: French secret police blow up Greenpeace "Rainbow Warrior" anti- nuclear vessel in Auckland Harbour, New Zealand, killing one activist, Fernando Pereira.

July 11. 1955: Congress authorizes all American currency to state, "In God We Trust."

July 12. 1817: Henry Thoreau, author of "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience," born, Massachusetts. 1966: Racial riots erupt in Chicago and Cleveland.

July 13. 1999: Protesting staff of Berkeley community radio station KPFA kicked off air by station owners Pacifica.

July 14. 1912: Birth of folk singer Woody Guthrie.

July 15. 1917: Alexander Berkman, Emma Goldman and many others indicted under new Espionage Act for their anti-draft activities: they will get two years prison and $10,000 fines in the land of the free.

July 16. 1862: Birth of Ida B. Wells, journalist, activist and anti-lynching organizer. Holly Springs, Miss.

July 17. 1979: Nicaraguan dictator Somoza flees to Florida.

July 18. 1918: Birth of Nelson Mandela, father of South Africa.

July 19. 1692: Five Massachusetts women executed for witchcraft.

July 20. 1967: The first National Conference of Black Power opens in Newark, N.J. The four-day meeting is attended by 1,100 African-Americans.

July 21. 1981: Creationism law requiring equal teaching with evolution passed, Louisiana.

July 22. 1970: First child born on Native American-occupied Alcatraz Island.

July 23. 1972: US Selective Service drops requirements for conscientious objectorsto perform alternative service.

July 24. 1920: Birth of women's rights champion Bella Abzug. 1974: House Judiciary Committee debates Pres. Nixon's articles of impeachment. Vote favorably on three: obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential powers (using CIA, FBI, IRS, and other federal agencies to violate citizens' constituional rights, and creating"Plumbers" to engage in illegal acts) and failure to supply subpoened materials to the committee.

July 25. 1972: U.S. health officials concede blacks were used as guinea pigs in 40 year syphillis experiment.

July 26. 1894: Aldous Huxley born. English novelist/critic, pacifist. Godalming, Surrey, England. 1947: U.S. armed forces consolidated in newly created Department of Defense, replacing the previous U.S. War Department. The same legislation, the National Security Act, also establishes the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and numerous other secret "black budget" government agencies outside public review.