| |
A Storm of Denial
by Paul Rogat Loeb
It wasn't Katrina, not even close, but Seattle's storm of the century
was no picnic. It gave me one more a taste of a future where the weather
can suddenly turn--and destroy the habitability of our world. The storm
hit Seattle mid-December with pounding rain and 70 mile-an-hour winds,
reaching 110 miles per hour, 35 miles to the east, on the slopes of the
Cascade Mountains. The ground was already soggy from the wettest
November in Seattle history, and as the wind and rain uprooted trees,
many fell on houses and cars, blocked roads and took down local power
lines, cutting off heat and light to over a million residents in the
city and surrounding areas.
Fourteen people died. Sanitation systems overflowed, dumping tens of
millions of gallons of raw sewage into Puget Sound. A week later, nearly
a hundred thousand people were still living in the cold and the dark.
Although my own lights stayed on, the next street was dark, and I could
drive ten minutes and pass block after block of blackened houses. Those
affected joked at first about sleeping with mittens and down parkas,
then grew increasingly testy as gas stations couldn't pump gas,
supermarkets were closed and what seemed at first a brief interruption
turned into days without the basics of modern human existence. Now, a
month later, the last residences are finally getting back their phone
services. And 29,000 people just lost power again from yet another
Seattle storm.
The December storm dominated our local news and made national headlines,
preceding the blizzard that stranded five thousand travelers at the
Denver airport. Both storms fit the predictive model of extreme weather
events caused by global climate change, and ours fit the specific
predictions for our region. But other than a single Seattle
Post-Intelligencer columnist, I found no media commentator who raised
the link to global climate change. For two weeks our newspapers, radio
stations, and TV stations talked about little else except the storm.
Reporters interviewed victims, judged the performance of local
utilities, suggested ways we could have been better prepared. But by
offering no larger context, they lost the chance to get people involved
in shaping precisely the kinds of individual and common actions that
might help prevent similar storms in the future. We'd encountered a
profound teachable moment, then that moment was quickly lost.
This failure to draw broader conclusions was no exception. Last May, New
England made national news with the worst storms and floods since a 1938
hurricane. In June, a 200-year storm flooded the Mid-Atlantic region. In
July, in St. Louis, thunderstorms knocked out power to three quarters of
a million people (the city's largest power loss ever), and then freezing
rain returned in early December, two weeks before the Seattle storm, to
leave another half million people without power for up to a week.
Missouri and Illinois had record numbers of tornadoes, and western
states record levels of forest fires. Meanwhile New York City saw balmy
winter temperatures in the 60s. Although you can't absolutely prove a
specific exceptional event was triggered by global warming, they all fit
the larger predicted pattern. Yet mainstream commentators drew few
broader links. As Mark Twain once wrote, "Everybody talks about the
weather, but no one ever does anything about it." Commentators certainly
talked about these events, but by failing to place them in any broader
context, they made it that much less likely that ordinary citizens will
do anything to change a future that risks looking seriously ugly.
America's major media haven't been entirely silent on global warming.
You could even say 2006 brought a sea change in their public
acknowledgment of its gravity. If you really read the superb Time or
Parade magazine cover stories, or even the coverage in Business Week and
Fortune, you couldn't fail to be concerned. Newspapers and TV networks
have featured pictures of melting glaciers, drought-parched Australian
farms, crumbling Arctic ice shelves, the October-November floods that
affected almost two million people in Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, and
the submersion of the Indian island of Lohachara, which once had 10,000
inhabitants, by a combination of erosion and rising sea levels Even Fox
occasionally acknowledged that the weather seemed different, though the
network continued to dismiss any notion that this constituted a crisis
as "media hype."
Except in the case of Katrina, however, major media outlets treated most
of America's extreme weather events as if wholly separate from the
broader global shifts. They did nothing to help people connect any
particular event with any other, or to understand the broader patterns.
This fragmentation has extended to our political leaders, even many who
care about the issue. The 2005 pledge of Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels to
have our city meet or exceed the Kyoto standards has inspired the mayors
of 355 other major American cities to begin to follow suit. But so far
even Nickels hasn't publicly linked Seattle's storm with its likely root
causes.
In a culture where the most important questions too often get buried,
even living in the path of a disaster doesn't automatically lead us to
connect our immediate crisis with the larger choices that may have
helped produce it. We can feel the force of the wind and the rain. When
a fifty-year old tree topples or a storm floods our basement, it's
tangible. But the shifts increasing the likelihood and frequency of such
disasters are far harder for us to comprehend. We rely on the
descriptions of scientists and policy makers, citizen activists and paid
Exxon shills. And through the reflections of this issue in the media,
which has mostly been too compromised or cautious to lead an honest
discussion on the impact of our choices and the alternatives we have.
For all its accuracy in depicting the roots of the crisis, even the
phrase "global warming" (rather than "climate change") feels odd when
describing freak blizzards and off-the-charts rainstorms and hailstorms.
It would be easier if these storms were like earthquakes, beyond our
influence or control. Then we could simply hope they don't happen to us
and do our best to minimize their potential impact, as we do when
retrofitting houses and commercial buildings for earthquake safety.
Global warming brings a more demanding challenge, because its most
destructive potential can be prevented. Extreme weather events could
once be called acts of God. Our actions have changed this, feeding the
ferocity and frequency of hurricanes and tornadoes, blizzards, droughts,
floods and every imaginable kind of storm. The longer we deny this, the
higher the cost.
Public concern about global warming has been increasing. In a June 2005
poll, shortly before Katrina hit, 59 percent of Americans said they
believed global warming threatens future generations. Now, the response
is over 85 percent. Support is even coming from unexpected quarters, as
when National Association of Evangelicals Vice President Ted Cizak
enlisted 86 other prominent evangelical leaders (including the
presidents of 39 Christian colleges and bestselling author Rick Warren),
to sign a New York Times ad stating "Our commitment to Jesus
Christ compels us to solve the global warming crisis."
These are hopeful developments, as is the 58 percent increase last year
in global solar investment and an equivalent growth in wind power.
They're due not only to the disasters we've encountered, but also to the
persistence of scientists and citizen activists in speaking out,
including the impact of Al Gore's Inconvenient Truth. But we
still need to move from a general sentiment to action. Suppose everyone
who watched Seattle lose power or New England get flooded demanded that
our legislatures and corporations address this as a crisis of the
highest order, as urgent as any war we've ever fought. Imagine if each
of our major media outlets established a serious global warming beat,
reporting consistently on the toll of America's addiction to
carbon-based energy and on all those new initiatives that restore a
sense that alternatives exist and that we can all play a role in
promoting them. What if we really did have discussions in every
community and every institution of daily life about how to build the
necessary political will to place this crisis at the top of our national
priorities?
The lights are back on in Seattle. Normal life has resumed. But the
storm should have been a warning to us all that we need to do more than
just stock flashlights, water, and extra canned food. In its immediate
wake, many had no choice except to focus on survival. Now the more
difficult questions emerge, about how to prevent future catastrophes.
The Seattle storm and comparable near disasters in cities throughout
America should serve as wakeup calls. But their ultimate impact will
depend on what we're willing to learn from them.
|