July 24. 1974: US Supreme Court unanimously rules Pres. Nixon must turn over Watergate tapes.

July 25. 1867: Karl Marx's "Das Kapital" first appears in Germany. 1963: Police arrest 23 young blacks in a sit-in at Seattle City Council chambers protesting appointment of only two blacks to the city's new Human Rights Commission. 1983: Due to enormous costs of an extensive proposed nuclear plant system, State of Washington Public Power Supply System defaulted on $2.25 billion in loans. The reason WPPSS is commonly referred to as "Whoops."

July 26. 1847: Republic of Liberia, a West African nation founded by freed American slaves, formally becomes a country with the issuance of a Declaration of Independence closely modelled on the American Declaration.

July 27. 1979: US Supreme Court upholds Boldt Decision, affirming the right of Washington tribes to half the salmon catch. State legislators have been seeking ways to circumvent the decision ever since.

July 28. 1968: American Indian Movement (AIM) founded in Minneapolis to deal with problems of relocated urban Indians.

July 29. 1901: US Socialist Party established. 1979: New Left theorist and radical hero Herbert Marcuse dies. Makes "The Communist Manifesto" sexier and gives Freud more class.

July 30. 1938: Hitler presents highest non-citizen award to Henry Ford in Berlin. 1973: Grand Opening of Left Bank Books Collective, Seattle, Washington. A split off from Red and Black Books Collective (before it had even opened).

July 31. 1964: Tonkin Gulf Hoax incidents begin. With fresh evidence now available, claims that the Tonkin Gulf incident was deliberately provoked gain new plausibility.

Aug. 1. 1790: Spaniards under Quimper first sight Neah Bay, Washington. 1938: Hilo Massacre: 51 racially mixed longshoremen and union supporters in Hilo, Hawaii are gassed, hosed, bayoneted, and shot in the back by police. 1970: Puyallup Indians set up camp on Puyallup River and begin fishing to re-establish tribal fishing rights.

Aug. 2. 1931: Albert Einstein urges all scientists to refuse military work. 1937: Forty thousand West Coast maritime workers call work stoppage to join anti-fascist demonstration. 1964: US destroyer Maddox reports, falsely, it had been attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin.

Aug. 3. 1918: Large-scale Allied invasion of Russia to overthrow Bolsheviks begins at Vladivostok. 1971: Two hundred march in Seattle to demand release of federal surplus food supplies to feed the hungry.

Aug. 4. 1792: Percy Bysshe Shelley, poet of liberty and nonviolent resistance, born, Britain.

Aug. 5. 1498: Columbus is first recent European to land on South American continent. This time he thought it was Australia. 1964: US begins bombing North Vietnam.

Aug. 6. 1928: Birth of Andy Warhol, inventor of mass marketed art as pop culture and vice versa. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 1970: Three hundred Yippies invade and disrupt Disneyland in wild celebration: chant Viet Cong slogans, demand the legalization of marijuana. 1997: Hundreds turn out at Seattle's Pier 90 to protest the first-ever arrival in Elliott Bay, for Seafair, of the Trident nuclear submarine U.S.S. Ohio on Hiroshima Day.